Umdwebo 1: Block umdwebo sedivayisi ukushukuma zokwelapha ezisebenzisa imemori yangaphandle ukusekela ukusebenza ethuthukisiwe
Inselele yokuqala kusistimu abaklami ukuba uthole ukuthi iyini uhlelo kwesokudla ku chip (SOC) noma microcontroller ukukhonza njengoba inhliziyo ohlelweni. Kufanele bakwazi ukuhlinzeka ukusebenza oyifunayo ngenkathi kanyekanye ekunciphiseni amandla isabelomali jikelele wesistimu.
amadivaysi neuropathy, ezifana izinkumbulo zangaphandle, izinzwa, kanye telemetry interface kufanele lingafaniswa ne SOC / ukusebenza microcontroller, ngenkathi futhi usekela compact Isici sefomu futhi esebenza kahle amandla ukusetshenziswa.
Memory izinqumo
Idivayisi ekhethiwe ngokuvamile luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili izinkumbulo, flash futhi SRAM.
Flash kuyinto kuqhathaniswa kancane-bhala, non-oluyingozi inkumbulo ukuthi kusekela inani elilinganiselwe bhala imijikelezo. It isetshenziswa bekholelwa esinqunyiwe noma kancane-kokushintsha idatha efana ikhodi isicelo, ulwazi uhlelo, kanye / noma post-kusetshenzwe umsebenzisi izingodo idatha.
SRAM kuyashesha-ukufinyelela, oluyingozi inkumbulo enikeza angenamkhawulo bhala umjikelezo ukukhuthazela. Isetshenziselwa ukugcina okwesikhashana idatha uhlelo run-time.
Njengoba uhlelo eyinkimbinkimbi inyuka, kanjalo ikhodi eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze amaningi imisebenzi zezibalo kanye ubuchule obuphezulu. Yangaphakathi ku-chip wememori bangase babe owanele. izinhlelo yezokwelapha ephathekayo ngokuvamile badinga isitoreji esengeziwe, ezidinga Abaklami augment inkumbulo yangaphakathi inkumbulo yangaphandle (Figure 1).
A amandla ongaphakeme imemori yangaphandle ingasetshenziswa RAM ukunwetshwa, ngokuvamile i SRAM zamanje asebenzayo futhi eceleni eliphansi kakhulu. Izinketho yokugcina non-oluyingozi zihlanganisa flash, EEPROM, MRAM, futhi F-RAM.
Serial flash inkumbulo isetshenziselwa non-oluyingozi hlelo futhi isitoreji idatha ukunwetshwa ngenxa yezindleko zayo ongaphakeme futhi ukutholakala ziqhelelane. Nokho, it has kuqhathaniswa okusezingeni eliphezulu energy ukusetshenziswa, okuyinto kunciphisa ukuphila ezisebenza amadivayisi ibhethri ezisekelwe.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza esikhundleni ingxenye ngohlelo i EEPROM, kodwa lokhu akukakabi ibhethri-friendly, ikakhulukazi lapho imisebenzi ehilela uthi enqala le EEPROM. Iphinde inkimbinkimbi ikhodi isicelo design.
Magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM) has angenamkhawulo bhala ukukhuthazela. Nokho, kusimo yayo, ukuthi ibusa imisinga asebenzayo nokuma eliphezulu kakhulu futhi uchayeke kazibuthe ezingasetshenziswa elonakele idatha egcinwe. Ngakho kulezi zici zenza kube ezingafaneleki amadivaysi ezokwelapha ibhethri-eziqhutshwa.
RAM Ferroelectric (F-RAM), kunezinzuzo eziningana khiye amadivaysi ezokwelapha ephathekayo futhi ine okusezingeni eliphezulu bhala-umjikelezo ukukhuthazela.
yezinkinga zokugula
Figure 2: Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi ngayinye 4Mb bhala (μJ) non-oluyingozi inkumbulo ubuchwepheshe
Umkhawulo bhala ngokukhuthazela EEPROM futhi flash kudala izinkinga ezinkulu amadivayisi wezokwelapha ukuthi isidingo esitolo idatha izingodo ukuthi njalo olusha. Flash izipesheli okukhuthazela ku oda 1e + 5 futhi EEPROM kuyinto 1e + 6. I-F-RAM bhala umjikelezo ukukhuthazela 1e + 14 (noma-100 trillion). Lokhu kunika amandla amadivayisi ukwazi ukungena idatha eningi ngaphandle kokuthi liqalise eziyinkimbinkimbi algorithm bafake-yokululama nangaphezulu-ilungiselelo amandla angeziwe (Figure 3).
A inzuzo sesibili siwukuthi izakhiwo sangaphakathi F-RAM ibusa oda ezidlula amandla aphansi asebenzayo kuka flash noma EEPROM isitoreji amadivayisi icala ezisekelwe (Figure 2).
Ngokwesibonelo, Excelon F-Rams kusukela Cypress ukwesekwa eceleni, ezijulile amandla phansi yokucashisa izindlela lutho. Ukwenza lezi zibe isicelo kunganciphisa power ukusetshenziswa by cishe ezimbili oda ezidlula lihambisana aphansi asebenzayo amandla imodi.
Figure 3: Ukukhuthazela umjikelezo ukuqhathanisa-non-oluyingozi inkumbulo ubuchwepheshe
I-EEPROM ne-Flash idinga uhlelo olungeziwe lwekhasi / izikhathi zokubhala amakhasi, ngaleyo ndlela zikhulisa isikhathi esisebenzayo sokubhala imisebenzi. I-F-RAM's NOPNOTILIBELY ivumela amasistimu asebenza ngebhethri ukuze acime ngokuphelele ukuhanjiswa kwamandla noma ngaphezulu alahle uhlelo kwimodi engenzi lutho olungasebenzi ukuze wehlise zombili isikhathi esisebenzayo futhi esebenzayo yamanje.
Lokhu futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo zesikhathi eziqondile lapho idatha isengozini ngephutha lamandla. Amaseli we-F-RAM nawo abekezelela kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemisebe, kufaka phakathi ama-X-ray kanye nemisebe ye-gamma futhi azivikelekile kuma-magnetic amasimu, ukuvikela idatha erekhodiwe.
Amanye amadivaysi e-F-RAM, afana ne-Excelon LP, ahlinzeke ngekhodi yokulungiswa kwephutha le-Chip (ECC) engathola futhi alungise amaphutha angenayo kuwo wonke ama-64-bit Idatha 'ukuthembeka kwedatha yesitoreji esibucayi. I-F-RAM ibuye isekela inani elilawulwa elilawulwayo likhona (okusho ukuthi ilawula yamanje ye-Inrush ngaphansi kwe-1.5 MA) ukuvikela ukukhululwa ngokweqile kwebhethri.
I-F-RAM ingagcinwa emaphaketheni asebenza kahle isikhala. Isibonelo, i-Excelon LP inikeza kuze kube yi-8MBIT futhi iyatholakala embonini ejwayelekile yama-Spic-PIN-PIN-PIN-PIN nama-Pin-Pin-Pin-Pin-Pine nge-THHZN nge-50MHHz QSPI (i-Quad-SPI) I / O.
I-F-RAM's Returance ecishe ingenele, ukungaguquki okusheshayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi Vumela abaklami bohlelo ukuthi bahlanganise yonke idatha ye-Ram- neR Rom kanye nemisebenzi ngaphakathi kwimemori eyodwa.
Ubuchwepheshe obususelwa eRom, kufaka phakathi i-mask-Rom, otp-eprom, kanye ne-flash, akwenziswanga futhi bathambekele ekusetshenzisweni kwesitoreji sekhodi.
I-NAND-Flash ne-EEPROM ingasebenza futhi njengememori yedatha engaguquki. Lokhu konke kudinga ukuyekethisa okuthile, ngoba benza zombili izinkomba kanye nesitoreji sedatha ngokusebenza okuphansi ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkumbulo ezihlukile.
Lezi zibuchwepheshe zigxile ezindlekweni eziphansi, ezidinga ukuhweba okulula kokusetshenziswa kanye / noma ukusebenza.
Ubuchwepheshe obususelwa ku-RAM busebenza njengememori yedatha futhi njengendawo yokusebenza yokubulawa kwekhodi lapho ukwenza kusuka ku-flash kufakazela kakhulu. I-RAM inikeza inhlanganisela yekhodi nokusebenza kwedatha, kepha imvelo yayo eshintshayo ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwisitoreji sesikhashana.
Izicelo eziphathwayo zidinga ukusebenza okwenziwe kahle kuzakhi ezimbalwa ngangokunokwenzeka.
Usebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zememori kungaholela ekungasebenzi kahle, kuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwekhodi futhi ngokuvamile kudla amandla amaningi.
Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwethenjwa kwe-F-RAM kwenza kube nokwenzeka kubuchwepheshe bememori eyodwa ukuphatha ikhodi kanye nedatha.
Inokukhuthazela ukusekela ukugawulwa kwemininingwane yemvamisa ephezulu ngenkathi kwehlisa izindleko zohlelo, kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo nokwenza ukunciphisa izinkambiso zohlelo.
