Hoto 1: toshe zane na na'urar karfafa magani ta amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar waje don tallafawa ayyukan ci gaba
Kalubale na farko don ƙalubalen tsarin gine-ginen shine don gano tsarin da ya dace akan guntu (Soc) ko Microctroller don zama zuciyar tsarin. Dole ne ya iya samar da samar da abin da ake so yayin rage tsarin kasafin kudin kadarancin tsarin.
Na'urorin yanki, kamar mu na waje, na'urori masu auna na'urori, da kuma amfani da aikin soc / microcontroller yi, da kuma ingantaccen amfani da wutar lantarki.
Zabi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
Kwayar da aka zaɓa gabaɗaya yana haɗe da nau'ikan tunani biyu, Flash da Sram.
Flash yana da jinkirin-rubutu, marar ƙwaƙwalwar da ba mai ma'ana wacce ke goyan bayan iyakataccen adadin rubutun rubutun. Ana amfani da shi don riƙe ajali ko sauyin canza ko sauƙin canzawa kamar lambar aikace-aikace, bayanan tsarin, da / ko kuma rajistan ayyukan mai amfani.
Sram wani saurin samun dama ne, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda ke ba da jimlar sake kunshin juyin juya hali. Ana amfani dashi don adana bayanan tsarin lokaci na ɗan lokaci.
A matsayin yanayin rikitarwa yana ƙaruwa, don haka yana da ƙa'idodin codea'idodin ayyukan lissafi da kuma algorithms. Ilimin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na ciki yana iya samun isarwa. Tsarin likita na zaɓi sau da yawa suna buƙatar ƙarin ajiya, buƙatar masu tsara masu tsara su don ɗaukar ƙwaƙwalwar ciki tare da ƙwaƙwalwar waje (Hoto 1).
Za'a iya amfani da ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar wutar lantarki ta waje don fadada ragon, yawanci wani sram ne tare da matsanancin ƙarancin aiki da jiran aiki. Zaɓuɓɓuka don ajiya marasa ma'ana sun haɗa da filasha, Eeprom, Mram, da F-Ram.
Ana amfani da serial Flash ɗin an yi amfani da shi don shirin da ba mai canzawa da fadada bayanai saboda ƙarancin farashi da wadatar babban dences. Koyaya, yana da babban yawan makamashi, wanda yake rage rayuwar aikin kayan aikin baturi.
Wasu aikace-aikacen suna sauya rabo daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tare da EEPRom, amma wannan ba a ƙirar baturi ba, musamman lokacin da ake haɗa abubuwa da ya rubuta da eeprom. Hakanan yana magance ƙirar lambar aikace-aikace.
Magneto-reestive RAM (MRAM) yana da jimlar rubutu. Rashin kyawunsa, duk da haka, shine cewa yana cin nasara sosai masu aiki da kuma tsinkaye na tsinkaye kuma yana da saukin kamuwa da magnetic filayen da aka adana wanda zai iya lalata bayanan da aka adana. Waɗannan halaye sabili da haka ba shi da mahimmanci a cikin na'urorin kiwon lafiya batir.
Ferroectric Ram (F-Ram), yana da mahimmancin fa'idodi da yawa a cikin na'urorin likita mai ɗorewa kuma yana da ƙarfin hali.
Rikice-rikice na likita
Hoto na 2: Amfani da makamashi a 4MB Rubuta (ULJ) don fasahar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mara misalai
Limitedaccen rubutun ƙarfin hali na Eeprom da Flash yana haifar da damar da za su iya magance rajistar likitoci waɗanda ke buƙatar adana rajistan ayyukan da ake buƙata koyaushe. Flash yana ba da jimawa a kan tsari na 1E + 5 da Eeprom shine 1e + 6. The F-Ram Rubuta ƙarfin hali shine 1E + 14 (ko kuma tiriliyan 100). Wannan yana ba da damar na'urorin don samun damar shigar da ƙarin bayanai ba tare da aiwatar da hadaddun hanyoyin haɗin kai da kuma samar da ƙarin ƙarfin (adadi 3).
Fa'ida ta biyu ita ce cewa gine-ginen gida na F-RAM yana cinye Umarni na ƙarfi mai aiki fiye da filaye na tushen saiti ko na'urorin ajiya (Hoto na 2).
Misali, Exelon F-Rams daga Cypress Tallafawa jiran aiki a jiran aiki, zurfin wutar ƙasa da hibernate modle modle. Aiwatar da waɗannan a aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace na iya rage yawan wutar lantarki ta kusan umarni biyu na girman ƙarfi a haɗe tare da yanayin wutar lantarki mai aiki.
Hoto na 3: kwatankwacin sake zagayowar jimrewa don fasahar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mara misalai
Eeprom da Flash suna buƙatar ƙarin shirin shirin / Sesting-Page, lokacin ƙara tsarin aiki don rubuta ayyukan. F-Ram's nan da nan ba volatility ba yana ba da tsarin da aka yi baturi don kashe wutar lantarki gaba ɗaya don rage lokacin aiki da aiki.
Wannan kuma yana haɓaka dogaro da amincin da ke da buƙatun lokaci-lokaci inda bayanan ke cikin haɗari yayin ɗaukar iko. F-Ram sel ma suna matukar juriya da wadatattun nau'ikan radiation daban-daban, gami da X-haskoki da gamma kuma suna da kariya ga filayen magnetic, don kare bayanan da aka rubuta.
Wasu na'urorin F-Rom, kamar lambar Expean LP, suna ba da lambar kuskuren haɗin kai tsaye (ECC) wanda zai iya ganowa da madaidaicin bayanan guda 64-bit, ƙara mahimman bayanan bayanan ajiya na 64. F-RAM kuma yana goyan bayan ganiya mai sarrafawa na yanzu (watau inrush na yanzu yana da iko na yanzu fiye da 1.5 Ma) don hana wucewar baturin.
F-RHAM za a iya a gida a cikin kayan aiki wanda yake da inganci. Alal misali, Excelon LP tayi har zuwa 8Mbit kuma shi ne samuwa a masana'antu misali guda takwas-pin SOIC da kuma dada takwas-pin GQFN kunshe-kunshe da kayan da aka samar zuwa 50MHz SPI I / Ya kuma 108MHz QSPI (yan hudu-SPI) I / Yã.
F-Ram's Kwargwadon iyaka, rashin ƙarfi mara iyaka da ƙarancin iko yana ba da izinin masu zanen tsari don hada bayanan da aka yi amfani da su a tsakanin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ɗaya.
Kasuwancin ROM, ciki har da abin rufe fuska-Rom, OTP-Erst, da kuma-Flatile kuma suna da rashin daidaituwa don aikace-aikacen adana lamba.
Nand-Flash da Eeprom ma zai iya zama a matsayin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mara ma'ana. Wadannan duk suna buƙatar wasu sasantawa, tunda suna yin lamba da adana bayanai tare da ƙarancin abin tunawa.
Wadannan dabarun fasahar da ke mayar da hankali kan ƙananan farashi, wanda ke buƙatar cinikin ciniki na sauƙi na amfani da / ko aiki.
Kasuwancin Ram-RAM-suna aiki azaman ƙwaƙwalwar bayanai da kuma azaman sararin aiki don aiwatar da lambar lokacin aiwatar da flash yana tabbatar da jinkirin. RAM na ba da haɗin lamba da ayyukan bayanai, amma yanayin maras sauƙinsa yana iyakance amfanin sa zuwa ga ajiya na ɗan lokaci.
Aikace-aikacen mai ɗaukuwa suna buƙatar ingantaccen aiki a cikin 'yan abubuwan da zasu yiwu.
Ta amfani da nau'ikan ƙwaƙwalwar da yawa na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa, ƙirar code kuma yawanci yana cin makamashi.
Ingancin da amincin F-RAM yasa zai iya yiwuwa fasahar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya guda don magance lamba da bayanai.
Yana da jimiri don tallafawa babban tsarin saiti na mitar yayin rage farashin tsarin, yana ƙara ƙarfin tsarin da rage tsarin tsarin.
